1460  IoT Security Visual Resources

1460.2 Encryption and Cryptography

Artistic visualization of asymmetric encryption showing public key for encryption and private key for decryption, with key pair generation and secure key exchange mechanisms for IoT devices.

Asymmetric Encryption

Asymmetric encryption uses mathematically related key pairs to enable secure communication without shared secrets, essential for IoT device provisioning and authentication.

Modern diagram of encryption levels for IoT showing E1 device-to-device, E2 device-to-gateway, E3 device-to-cloud, E4 gateway-to-cloud, and E5 key renewal with security trade-offs at each level.

Encryption Levels

IoT systems implement encryption at multiple levels, from local device communication to cloud connectivity, each with different security and performance characteristics.

Geometric representation of AES encryption process showing SubBytes, ShiftRows, MixColumns, and AddRoundKey operations repeated across multiple rounds to transform data
Figure 1460.1: The AES encryption process transforms data through multiple rounds of confusion and diffusion operations. Each round applies substitution (SubBytes), transposition (ShiftRows), mixing (MixColumns), and key addition (AddRoundKey) to create ciphertext that is computationally infeasible to reverse without the correct key.
Multi-layer encryption architecture showing application-layer, transport-layer, and link-layer encryption working together to provide comprehensive data protection
Figure 1460.2: Defense-in-depth encryption applies protection at multiple OSI layers. Even if one encryption layer is compromised, other layers continue protecting data integrity and confidentiality.

1460.3 Attack Scenarios

IoT attack scenario visualization showing multiple attack paths from initial compromise through lateral movement to data exfiltration and system disruption
Figure 1460.3: Understanding attack scenarios helps security teams anticipate threats and implement appropriate countermeasures.
Attack tree diagram showing hierarchical decomposition of IoT system compromise into sub-goals including physical access, network exploitation, credential theft, and firmware tampering
Figure 1460.4: Attack trees provide a structured methodology for analyzing IoT security threats. By decomposing complex attacks into hierarchical sub-goals, security teams can identify critical paths and prioritize countermeasures.
Man-in-the-Middle attack visualization showing attacker positioned between IoT device and server intercepting, modifying, and forwarding communications without detection
Figure 1460.5: Man-in-the-Middle attacks exploit the trust relationship between IoT devices and their backend services. Without proper mutual authentication and encrypted channels, attackers can intercept sensor data, inject malicious commands, and compromise entire IoT deployments.
Artistic visualization of IoT botnet infrastructure showing compromised devices connected to command and control server, illustrating how millions of vulnerable IoT devices can be orchestrated for coordinated attacks
Figure 1460.6: The Mirai botnet demonstrated the catastrophic potential of unsecured IoT devices. By exploiting default credentials on cameras, routers, and DVRs, attackers assembled an army of over 600,000 compromised devices capable of generating attack traffic exceeding 1 Terabit per second.
Distributed Denial of Service attack visualization showing multiple compromised IoT devices flooding target server with malicious traffic, overwhelming legitimate users' ability to access services
Figure 1460.7: Distributed Denial of Service attacks leverage the collective bandwidth of thousands of compromised IoT devices to overwhelm target infrastructure.

1460.4 Security Architecture

IoT compliance framework showing NIST, ISO 27001, IEC 62443, and industry-specific requirements mapped to security controls for regulatory adherence
Figure 1460.11: Compliance frameworks provide structured security requirements for IoT deployments.

1460.5 Protocol Security

MQTT security architecture showing TLS transport security, username/password authentication, ACL-based topic authorization, and payload encryption options

MQTT Security

MQTT security combines transport encryption, authentication, and topic-based authorization for pub/sub messaging.

CoAP security diagram showing DTLS binding, PSK and certificate authentication modes, and resource-level access control for constrained devices

CoAP Security

CoAP provides REST-like security for resource-constrained IoT devices with DTLS protection.

1460.6 Data Protection

Data lifecycle security diagram showing protection requirements at collection, transmission, storage, processing, and disposal phases for IoT data

Data Lifecycle Security

IoT data requires protection throughout its lifecycle from sensor to archive.

Differential privacy mechanism showing noise injection to protect individual data points while preserving aggregate statistical properties for analytics

Differential Privacy

Differential privacy enables IoT analytics while protecting individual data points.

Homomorphic encryption visualization showing computations performed on encrypted data without decryption, enabling secure cloud processing of sensitive IoT data

Homomorphic Encryption

Homomorphic encryption allows secure computation on encrypted IoT data in untrusted cloud environments.

1460.7 Access Control

Access control matrix visualization showing subjects, objects, and permissions mapped in a grid structure for managing IoT device authorization
Figure 1460.13: Access control matrices provide a foundational model for managing IoT device permissions.
Authentication flow diagram showing device credential exchange, token generation, and session establishment for secure IoT device communication
Figure 1460.14: IoT authentication flows must balance security strength with the computational constraints of resource-limited devices.
Geometric diagram of OAuth 2.0 authentication flow for IoT applications showing authorization code flow from user authentication through token issuance.
Figure 1460.15: OAuth 2.0 Flow - Secure authentication for IoT applications

1460.8 Hardware Security

Hardware trojan circuit showing trigger logic that activates malicious payload when specific input combination is detected, bypassing security functions

Combinational Hardware Trojan

Hardware trojans can be inserted during manufacturing to enable backdoor access when specific conditions are met.

DPA attack diagram showing power trace collection, statistical correlation, and key recovery process for extracting cryptographic secrets through side-channel analysis

Differential Power Analysis

DPA attacks extract secrets by correlating power consumption with data-dependent operations.

Hardware Security Module integration showing secure key storage, cryptographic operations, and tamper-resistant boundary protecting sensitive operations from software attacks

HSM Integration

HSMs provide hardware-protected key storage and cryptographic operations for high-security IoT deployments.

1460.9 Further Reading

  • NIST SP 800-183: Networks of β€˜Things’
  • OWASP IoT Security Project
  • IEEE 802.15.4 Standard
  • RFC 6749: OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework
  • Cisco IoT Security Best Practices