1476  Device Provisioning Security Analysis

Security Analysis, Trust Boundaries, and Attack Surface Assessment

1476.1 Learning Objectives

After completing this section, you will be able to:

1. Analyze security properties of each provisioning step including attack surfaces
2. Understand trust boundaries and zones in device provisioning architectures
3. Identify trust anchors required for different provisioning methods
4. Map provisioning methods to compliance standards and security frameworks

1476.2 Overview

This section provides deep security analysis of IoT device provisioning, examining trust boundaries, attack surfaces, and security controls at each step of the onboarding process.

NoteSecurity Analysis Focus

Understanding the security implications of provisioning is critical because this is when devices establish their identity and receive credentials. Compromising provisioning can lead to unauthorized device access, credential theft, and man-in-the-middle attacks.

1476.3 Security Analysis Panel

ieeeColors = ({
  navy: "#2C3E50",
  teal: "#16A085",
  orange: "#E67E22",
  gray: "#7F8C8D",
  lightGray: "#ECF0F1",
  darkGray: "#34495E",
  green: "#27AE60",
  red: "#E74C3C",
  purple: "#9B59B6",
  blue: "#3498DB",
  yellow: "#F1C40F"
})

// Provisioning Methods for Analysis
provisioningMethods = [
  {
    id: "ztp",
    name: "Zero-Touch Provisioning (ZTP)",
    shortName: "ZTP",
    standards: ["RFC 8572", "SZTP", "Cisco ZTP"],
    steps: [
      { id: 1, name: "Factory Configuration", secure: true, attackSurface: "Supply chain compromise", credentials: ["Bootstrap Certificate", "Vendor Root CA"] },
      { id: 2, name: "Device Powers On", secure: true, attackSurface: "Physical tampering", credentials: [] },
      { id: 3, name: "DHCP/DNS Discovery", secure: false, attackSurface: "DNS spoofing, DHCP hijacking", credentials: [] },
      { id: 4, name: "TLS Connection", secure: true, attackSurface: "Certificate validation bypass", credentials: ["Bootstrap Certificate", "Server Certificate"] },
      { id: 5, name: "Device Authentication", secure: true, attackSurface: "Credential theft", credentials: ["Device Serial", "Bootstrap Certificate"] },
      { id: 6, name: "Configuration Download", secure: true, attackSurface: "Configuration injection", credentials: ["Operational Certificate", "Cloud Credentials", "Config File"] },
      { id: 7, name: "Cloud Registration", secure: true, attackSurface: "Registration hijacking", credentials: ["Operational Certificate", "Device Token"] },
      { id: 8, name: "Activation Complete", secure: true, attackSurface: "Session hijacking", credentials: ["Session Keys"] }
    ]
  },
  {
    id: "qrcode",
    name: "QR Code / App-based",
    shortName: "QR/App",
    standards: ["Matter", "HomeKit", "SmartThings"],
    steps: [
      { id: 1, name: "Device Setup Mode", secure: true, attackSurface: "Unauthorized pairing window", credentials: [] },
      { id: 2, name: "QR Code Scan", secure: true, attackSurface: "QR code cloning", credentials: ["Setup Code", "Device ID", "Vendor ID"] },
      { id: 3, name: "BLE/Wi-Fi Discovery", secure: false, attackSurface: "Nearby attacker interception", credentials: ["Discriminator"] },
      { id: 4, name: "PASE Session", secure: true, attackSurface: "Brute force (mitigated by code entropy)", credentials: ["Setup Code", "PASE Keys"] },
      { id: 5, name: "Network Credentials", secure: true, attackSurface: "Credential extraction from app", credentials: ["Wi-Fi SSID/Password", "Thread Network Key"] },
      { id: 6, name: "Operational Certificate", secure: true, attackSurface: "Certificate injection", credentials: ["Node Operational Certificate", "Fabric Credentials"] },
      { id: 7, name: "Cloud Registration", secure: true, attackSurface: "Account takeover", credentials: ["Device ID", "User Token"] },
      { id: 8, name: "Setup Complete", secure: true, attackSurface: "None (secured)", credentials: ["Session Keys"] }
    ]
  },
  {
    id: "x509",
    name: "Certificate-based (X.509)",
    shortName: "X.509",
    standards: ["X.509", "IEEE 802.1AR", "IDevID"],
    steps: [
      { id: 1, name: "Certificate Embedding", secure: true, attackSurface: "Manufacturing compromise", credentials: ["Device Certificate", "Private Key", "CA Chain"] },
      { id: 2, name: "Device Powers On", secure: true, attackSurface: "Secure element extraction", credentials: ["Device Certificate"] },
      { id: 3, name: "DNS Resolution", secure: false, attackSurface: "DNS hijacking", credentials: [] },
      { id: 4, name: "TLS Client Hello", secure: true, attackSurface: "Downgrade attack", credentials: ["Device Certificate"] },
      { id: 5, name: "Server Certificate", secure: true, attackSurface: "Rogue server", credentials: ["Server Certificate", "Root CA"] },
      { id: 6, name: "Client Certificate Validation", secure: true, attackSurface: "Revocation check bypass", credentials: ["Device Certificate", "Manufacturer CA", "CRL/OCSP"] },
      { id: 7, name: "mTLS Established", secure: true, attackSurface: "Side-channel attacks", credentials: ["Session Keys", "ECDHE Parameters"] },
      { id: 8, name: "Device Registration", secure: true, attackSurface: "Authorization bypass", credentials: ["Device Token", "Config"] }
    ]
  },
  {
    id: "psk",
    name: "Token-based (Pre-shared Keys)",
    shortName: "PSK",
    standards: ["TLS-PSK", "DTLS-PSK", "CoAP"],
    steps: [
      { id: 1, name: "Key Generation", secure: true, attackSurface: "Admin account compromise", credentials: ["Device ID", "Pre-shared Key"] },
      { id: 2, name: "Key Programming", secure: false, attackSurface: "Key exposure during transfer", credentials: ["Device ID", "Pre-shared Key"] },
      { id: 3, name: "Device Powers On", secure: true, attackSurface: "Key extraction from device", credentials: ["Device ID", "Pre-shared Key"] },
      { id: 4, name: "Connect to Cloud", secure: false, attackSurface: "Endpoint spoofing", credentials: [] },
      { id: 5, name: "PSK Authentication", secure: true, attackSurface: "Offline brute force", credentials: ["Device ID", "Pre-shared Key"] },
      { id: 6, name: "Session Established", secure: true, attackSurface: "Key reuse across sessions", credentials: ["Session Keys"] }
    ]
  },
  {
    id: "manufacturer",
    name: "Manufacturer Certificate",
    shortName: "Mfr Cert",
    standards: ["AWS IoT", "Azure IoT Hub", "Google Cloud IoT"],
    steps: [
      { id: 1, name: "CA Registration", secure: true, attackSurface: "CA private key compromise", credentials: ["Manufacturer CA Certificate", "Verification Certificate"] },
      { id: 2, name: "Device Manufacturing", secure: true, attackSurface: "Manufacturing security", credentials: ["Device Certificate", "Private Key"] },
      { id: 3, name: "Device Provisioning Record", secure: true, attackSurface: "Data tampering", credentials: ["Device Inventory", "Certificate Fingerprints"] },
      { id: 4, name: "Device First Boot", secure: true, attackSurface: "Physical tampering", credentials: ["Device Certificate"] },
      { id: 5, name: "TLS Connection", secure: true, attackSurface: "Certificate validation", credentials: ["Device Certificate", "Cloud Certificate"] },
      { id: 6, name: "Certificate Chain Validation", secure: true, attackSurface: "Revocation bypass", credentials: ["Certificate Chain", "CRL"] },
      { id: 7, name: "Auto-Registration", secure: true, attackSurface: "Policy misconfiguration", credentials: ["Device Identity", "IoT Policies"] },
      { id: 8, name: "Operational", secure: true, attackSurface: "None", credentials: ["Session Credentials"] }
    ]
  },
  {
    id: "jitp",
    name: "Just-in-Time Provisioning (JITP)",
    shortName: "JITP",
    standards: ["AWS IoT JITP", "Azure DPS", "Cloud-native IoT"],
    steps: [
      { id: 1, name: "Template Configuration", secure: true, attackSurface: "Template injection", credentials: ["Template ID", "Policy Templates"] },
      { id: 2, name: "CA Registration", secure: true, attackSurface: "Unauthorized CA registration", credentials: ["CA Certificate"] },
      { id: 3, name: "Device First Connection", secure: true, attackSurface: "Certificate theft", credentials: ["Device Certificate"] },
      { id: 4, name: "Certificate Validation", secure: true, attackSurface: "Validation bypass", credentials: ["Certificate Chain"] },
      { id: 5, name: "JITP Trigger", secure: true, attackSurface: "Resource exhaustion", credentials: ["Certificate CN/Subject"] },
      { id: 6, name: "Template Execution", secure: true, attackSurface: "Privilege escalation", credentials: ["Thing Name", "Policy ARN"] },
      { id: 7, name: "Registration Complete", secure: true, attackSurface: "Overprivileged access", credentials: ["Device Token", "MQTT Topics"] },
      { id: 8, name: "Operational", secure: true, attackSurface: "None", credentials: ["Session Credentials"] }
    ]
  }
]

// Method selector
selectedMethodId = Inputs.select(
  provisioningMethods.map(m => m.id),
  {
    label: "Select Provisioning Method",
    format: id => provisioningMethods.find(m => m.id === id).name,
    value: "ztp"
  }
)

selectedMethod = provisioningMethods.find(m => m.id === selectedMethodId)

// Step selector
currentStepInput = Inputs.range([1, selectedMethod.steps.length], {
  label: "Analyze Step",
  value: 1,
  step: 1
})

currentStep = currentStepInput - 1

// Security Analysis Panel
securityAnalysisPanel = {
  const method = selectedMethod;
  const step = method.steps[currentStep];

  return html`
    <div style="
      background: linear-gradient(135deg, ${ieeeColors.lightGray}, white);
      border: 1px solid ${ieeeColors.gray};
      border-radius: 12px;
      padding: 20px;
      margin-top: 20px;
    ">
      <h3 style="margin: 0 0 15px 0; color: ${ieeeColors.navy}; font-size: 16px;">
        Security Analysis: ${method.shortName} - Step ${currentStep + 1}
      </h3>

      <div style="display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr)); gap: 15px;">
        <!-- Attack Surface -->
        <div style="
          background: white;
          border-radius: 8px;
          padding: 15px;
          border-left: 4px solid ${ieeeColors.orange};
        ">
          <div style="font-weight: 600; color: ${ieeeColors.navy}; margin-bottom: 8px;">
            Attack Surface
          </div>
          <div style="font-size: 13px; color: ${ieeeColors.darkGray};">
            ${step.attackSurface}
          </div>
        </div>

        <!-- Trust Anchors -->
        <div style="
          background: white;
          border-radius: 8px;
          padding: 15px;
          border-left: 4px solid ${ieeeColors.teal};
        ">
          <div style="font-weight: 600; color: ${ieeeColors.navy}; margin-bottom: 8px;">
            Required Trust Anchors
          </div>
          <div style="font-size: 13px; color: ${ieeeColors.darkGray};">
            ${getTrustAnchors(method.id, currentStep)}
          </div>
        </div>

        <!-- Channel Security -->
        <div style="
          background: white;
          border-radius: 8px;
          padding: 15px;
          border-left: 4px solid ${step.secure ? ieeeColors.green : ieeeColors.red};
        ">
          <div style="font-weight: 600; color: ${ieeeColors.navy}; margin-bottom: 8px;">
            Channel Security
          </div>
          <div style="font-size: 13px; color: ${ieeeColors.darkGray};">
            ${step.secure ? "Encrypted/Authenticated" : "Unprotected - Requires additional security measures"}
          </div>
        </div>

        <!-- Credentials in Transit -->
        <div style="
          background: white;
          border-radius: 8px;
          padding: 15px;
          border-left: 4px solid ${ieeeColors.purple};
        ">
          <div style="font-weight: 600; color: ${ieeeColors.navy}; margin-bottom: 8px;">
            Credentials Exchanged
          </div>
          <div style="font-size: 13px; color: ${ieeeColors.darkGray};">
            ${step.credentials.length > 0 ? step.credentials.join(", ") : "None"}
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <!-- Revocation & Key Rotation -->
      <div style="margin-top: 15px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 15px;">
        <div style="
          background: white;
          border-radius: 8px;
          padding: 15px;
        ">
          <div style="font-weight: 600; color: ${ieeeColors.navy}; margin-bottom: 8px;">
            Revocation Handling
          </div>
          <div style="font-size: 12px; color: ${ieeeColors.darkGray};">
            ${getRevocationInfo(method.id)}
          </div>
        </div>

        <div style="
          background: white;
          border-radius: 8px;
          padding: 15px;
        ">
          <div style="font-weight: 600; color: ${ieeeColors.navy}; margin-bottom: 8px;">
            Key Rotation Implications
          </div>
          <div style="font-size: 12px; color: ${ieeeColors.darkGray};">
            ${getKeyRotationInfo(method.id)}
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <!-- Compliance Mapping -->
      <div style="
        margin-top: 15px;
        background: white;
        border-radius: 8px;
        padding: 15px;
      ">
        <div style="font-weight: 600; color: ${ieeeColors.navy}; margin-bottom: 10px;">
          Compliance & Standards Mapping
        </div>
        <div style="display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px;">
          ${method.standards.map(std => html`
            <span style="
              background: ${ieeeColors.navy};
              color: white;
              padding: 4px 10px;
              border-radius: 15px;
              font-size: 11px;
              font-weight: 500;
            ">${std}</span>
          `)}
          ${getComplianceStandards(method.id).map(std => html`
            <span style="
              background: ${ieeeColors.teal};
              color: white;
              padding: 4px 10px;
              border-radius: 15px;
              font-size: 11px;
              font-weight: 500;
            ">${std}</span>
          `)}
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  `;

  function getTrustAnchors(methodId, step) {
    const anchors = {
      ztp: ["Manufacturer Root CA", "Provisioning Server Certificate", "DHCP/DNS Infrastructure"],
      qrcode: ["Setup Code (Physical)", "App Store Certificate", "Cloud Platform Root CA"],
      x509: ["Manufacturer CA Certificate", "Cloud Platform Root CA", "CRL/OCSP Responder"],
      psk: ["Pre-shared Key (Symmetric)", "Cloud Platform Identity", "Admin Trust"],
      manufacturer: ["Manufacturer CA Certificate", "Cloud Platform Root CA", "Device Secure Element"],
      jitp: ["Registered CA Certificate", "Provisioning Template", "Cloud Platform IAM"]
    };
    return anchors[methodId]?.[Math.min(step, anchors[methodId].length - 1)] || "Platform-specific";
  }

  function getRevocationInfo(methodId) {
    const info = {
      ztp: "CRL distribution points configured during provisioning. OCSP stapling supported for real-time validation.",
      qrcode: "Device can be removed from fabric via app. Certificate revocation handled by fabric administrator.",
      x509: "Standard X.509 CRL/OCSP. Devices must periodically check revocation status. Short-lived certificates preferred.",
      psk: "Key revocation requires device re-provisioning. No automated revocation mechanism.",
      manufacturer: "Manufacturer maintains CRL. Cloud platform caches revocation data. Batch revocation supported.",
      jitp: "Cloud platform maintains device registry. Certificates can be deactivated immediately in IoT Core."
    };
    return info[methodId] || "Method-specific revocation";
  }

  function getKeyRotationInfo(methodId) {
    const info = {
      ztp: "Operational certificates rotated on schedule. Bootstrap credentials remain static. Requires secure re-provisioning for root key updates.",
      qrcode: "NOC rotation handled by fabric. Setup codes are one-time use. Re-commissioning required for major updates.",
      x509: "Certificate rotation via EST or CMP protocols. Device must maintain connectivity for renewal. Grace period for expiring certificates.",
      psk: "Manual key rotation required. Coordinated update across device and cloud. High operational overhead.",
      manufacturer: "Manufacturer issues new certificates. Fleet-wide rotation challenging. Consider certificate pinning implications.",
      jitp: "Template-based automatic rotation possible. Device initiates rotation using existing credentials."
    };
    return info[methodId] || "Consult vendor documentation";
  }

  function getComplianceStandards(methodId) {
    const compliance = {
      ztp: ["NIST SP 800-183", "IEC 62443"],
      qrcode: ["Matter 1.0", "Thread 1.3", "HomeKit"],
      x509: ["IEEE 802.1AR", "IEC 62443-4-2", "FIPS 140-2"],
      psk: ["RFC 4279", "CoAP Security"],
      manufacturer: ["AWS IoT Core", "Azure IoT DPS", "ETSI EN 303 645"],
      jitp: ["AWS Well-Architected", "Cloud Security Alliance"]
    };
    return compliance[methodId] || [];
  }
}

html`
<div style="
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 20px;
  align-items: flex-start;
  padding: 20px;
  background: ${ieeeColors.lightGray};
  border-radius: 12px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
">
  <div style="flex: 1; min-width: 250px;">
    ${viewof selectedMethodId}
  </div>
  <div style="flex: 1; min-width: 200px;">
    ${viewof currentStepInput}
  </div>
</div>
`

securityAnalysisPanel

1476.4 Trust Boundary Diagram

trustBoundaryDiagram = {
  const width = 800;
  const height = 350;

  const svg = d3.create("svg")
    .attr("viewBox", [0, 0, width, height])
    .attr("width", "100%")
    .attr("height", height)
    .style("font-family", "system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif")
    .style("background", "white");

  // Define arrow marker
  const defs = svg.append("defs");
  defs.append("marker")
    .attr("id", "trust-arrow")
    .attr("viewBox", "0 -5 10 10")
    .attr("refX", 8)
    .attr("refY", 0)
    .attr("markerWidth", 6)
    .attr("markerHeight", 6)
    .attr("orient", "auto")
    .append("path")
    .attr("d", "M0,-5L10,0L0,5")
    .attr("fill", ieeeColors.green);

  // Title
  svg.append("text")
    .attr("x", width / 2)
    .attr("y", 25)
    .attr("text-anchor", "middle")
    .attr("font-size", "16px")
    .attr("font-weight", "700")
    .attr("fill", ieeeColors.navy)
    .text("Trust Boundaries in Device Provisioning");

  // Trust zones
  const zones = [
    { name: "Device Trust Zone", x: 30, y: 50, w: 180, h: 250, color: ieeeColors.teal },
    { name: "Network (Untrusted)", x: 230, y: 50, w: 150, h: 250, color: ieeeColors.orange },
    { name: "Cloud Trust Zone", x: 400, y: 50, w: 180, h: 250, color: ieeeColors.navy },
    { name: "Manufacturer Trust", x: 600, y: 50, w: 170, h: 250, color: ieeeColors.purple }
  ];

  zones.forEach(zone => {
    // Zone background
    svg.append("rect")
      .attr("x", zone.x)
      .attr("y", zone.y)
      .attr("width", zone.w)
      .attr("height", zone.h)
      .attr("rx", 10)
      .attr("fill", zone.color)
      .attr("opacity", 0.1)
      .attr("stroke", zone.color)
      .attr("stroke-width", 2)
      .attr("stroke-dasharray", zone.name.includes("Untrusted") ? "5,3" : "none");

    // Zone label
    svg.append("text")
      .attr("x", zone.x + zone.w / 2)
      .attr("y", zone.y + 20)
      .attr("text-anchor", "middle")
      .attr("font-size", "11px")
      .attr("font-weight", "600")
      .attr("fill", zone.color)
      .text(zone.name);
  });

  // Components
  const components = [
    { name: "Secure\nElement", x: 70, y: 100, zone: 0 },
    { name: "Device\nFirmware", x: 130, y: 170, zone: 0 },
    { name: "Bootstrap\nCreds", x: 70, y: 240, zone: 0 },
    { name: "DHCP/DNS", x: 280, y: 100, zone: 1 },
    { name: "Internet", x: 280, y: 180, zone: 1 },
    { name: "TLS\nTermination", x: 280, y: 260, zone: 1 },
    { name: "Provisioning\nService", x: 450, y: 100, zone: 2 },
    { name: "IoT Core", x: 510, y: 180, zone: 2 },
    { name: "Device\nRegistry", x: 450, y: 260, zone: 2 },
    { name: "Root CA", x: 660, y: 100, zone: 3 },
    { name: "Device\nCerts", x: 720, y: 180, zone: 3 },
    { name: "Serial DB", x: 660, y: 260, zone: 3 }
  ];

  components.forEach(comp => {
    const zone = zones[comp.zone];

    svg.append("rect")
      .attr("x", comp.x - 30)
      .attr("y", comp.y - 15)
      .attr("width", 60)
      .attr("height", 35)
      .attr("rx", 5)
      .attr("fill", "white")
      .attr("stroke", zone.color)
      .attr("stroke-width", 1.5);

    const lines = comp.name.split("\n");
    lines.forEach((line, i) => {
      svg.append("text")
        .attr("x", comp.x)
        .attr("y", comp.y + (i - (lines.length - 1) / 2) * 10)
        .attr("text-anchor", "middle")
        .attr("font-size", "8px")
        .attr("fill", ieeeColors.darkGray)
        .text(line);
    });
  });

  // Trust boundary crossing arrows
  const crossings = [
    { from: { x: 160, y: 170 }, to: { x: 230, y: 170 }, label: "TLS", secure: true },
    { from: { x: 350, y: 180 }, to: { x: 420, y: 180 }, label: "mTLS", secure: true },
    { from: { x: 550, y: 140 }, to: { x: 620, y: 140 }, label: "API", secure: true }
  ];

  crossings.forEach(cross => {
    svg.append("line")
      .attr("x1", cross.from.x)
      .attr("y1", cross.from.y)
      .attr("x2", cross.to.x)
      .attr("y2", cross.to.y)
      .attr("stroke", cross.secure ? ieeeColors.green : ieeeColors.red)
      .attr("stroke-width", 2)
      .attr("marker-end", "url(#trust-arrow)");

    svg.append("text")
      .attr("x", (cross.from.x + cross.to.x) / 2)
      .attr("y", cross.from.y - 8)
      .attr("text-anchor", "middle")
      .attr("font-size", "9px")
      .attr("fill", cross.secure ? ieeeColors.green : ieeeColors.red)
      .text(cross.label);
  });

  // Legend
  const legendY = height - 30;

  svg.append("line")
    .attr("x1", 50)
    .attr("y1", legendY)
    .attr("x2", 90)
    .attr("y2", legendY)
    .attr("stroke", ieeeColors.teal)
    .attr("stroke-width", 2);

  svg.append("text")
    .attr("x", 95)
    .attr("y", legendY + 4)
    .attr("font-size", "10px")
    .attr("fill", ieeeColors.darkGray)
    .text("Trusted Boundary");

  svg.append("line")
    .attr("x1", 200)
    .attr("y1", legendY)
    .attr("x2", 240)
    .attr("y2", legendY)
    .attr("stroke", ieeeColors.orange)
    .attr("stroke-width", 2)
    .attr("stroke-dasharray", "5,3");

  svg.append("text")
    .attr("x", 245)
    .attr("y", legendY + 4)
    .attr("font-size", "10px")
    .attr("fill", ieeeColors.darkGray)
    .text("Untrusted Zone");

  svg.append("line")
    .attr("x1", 360)
    .attr("y1", legendY)
    .attr("x2", 400)
    .attr("y2", legendY)
    .attr("stroke", ieeeColors.green)
    .attr("stroke-width", 2)
    .attr("marker-end", "url(#trust-arrow)");

  svg.append("text")
    .attr("x", 405)
    .attr("y", legendY + 4)
    .attr("font-size", "10px")
    .attr("fill", ieeeColors.darkGray)
    .text("Secure Channel");

  return svg.node();
}

trustBoundaryDiagram

1476.5 Understanding Trust Boundaries

WarningCritical Security Points

1. Supply Chain Security - Secure manufacturing and credential injection are foundational
2. Certificate Lifecycle - Plan for rotation, renewal, and revocation from day one
3. Channel Security - Always use encrypted channels for credential exchange
4. Trust Anchors - Carefully manage root CA certificates and their distribution
5. Failure Modes - Design for graceful handling of provisioning failures

1476.5.1 Trust Zone Analysis

The trust boundary diagram shows four distinct zones:

1. Device Trust Zone - Contains the secure element, device firmware, and bootstrap credentials. This zone is protected by hardware security features.

2. Network (Untrusted) - The network layer including DHCP, DNS, and internet connectivity. This zone should be treated as hostile.

3. Cloud Trust Zone - Cloud platform components including provisioning services, IoT core, and device registry. Protected by platform security controls.

4. Manufacturer Trust Zone - Root CA, device certificates, and serial database. Critical for establishing device identity.

1476.6 Summary

Understanding security analysis in device provisioning is essential for:

• Identifying attack surfaces at each provisioning step
• Mapping trust anchors and dependencies
• Ensuring compliance with security standards
• Planning for credential lifecycle management

1476.7 What’s Next

Continue exploring device provisioning:

• Device Provisioning Flow Visualizer - Interactive step-by-step visualization
• Method Comparison and Decision Guide - Choose the right method
• Credential Types and Best Practices - Credential lifecycle and security