241  Ad-Hoc Network Fundamentals

241.1 Overview

Ad-hoc networks are infrastructure-less, self-organizing wireless networks where devices communicate directly without access points or base stations. Every device can act as both an endpoint and a router, forwarding packets for others.

This comprehensive topic is covered in three focused chapters:

241.1.1 Chapter Navigation

Chapter Topics Covered Time
Core Concepts and Characteristics What is an ad-hoc network, key characteristics, infrastructure vs ad-hoc comparison, IoT relevance ~20 min
Multi-Hop Routing and Protocols Why multi-hop, routing challenges, proactive/reactive/hybrid routing, protocol selection ~25 min
Applications and Practice Real-world use cases, worked examples, knowledge checks, visual gallery ~20 min

241.2 Learning Path

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graph LR
    A[Core Concepts] --> B[Routing Protocols]
    B --> C[Applications]
    C --> D[Deep Dives]

    D --> D1[DSDV]
    D --> D2[DSR]
    D --> D3[ZRP]

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    style B fill:#E67E22,stroke:#2C3E50,color:#fff
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    style D fill:#2C3E50,stroke:#16A085,color:#fff

241.3 Quick Start

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241.4 Key Concepts Preview

241.4.1 What Makes Ad-Hoc Networks Special?

Feature Ad-Hoc Network Traditional Network
Infrastructure None needed Requires APs/towers
Setup Instant, self-organizing Pre-planned deployment
Failure tolerance High (multiple paths) Low (single point of failure)
Scalability Limited (10-200 nodes) High (thousands)

241.4.2 Three Routing Paradigms

  1. Proactive (DSDV, OLSR): Maintains routes continuously - low latency, high overhead
  2. Reactive (DSR, AODV): Discovers routes on-demand - low overhead, discovery delay
  3. Hybrid (ZRP): Proactive within zones, reactive between - balanced approach

241.4.3 When to Use Ad-Hoc Networks

  • Disaster response (no existing infrastructure)
  • Military/tactical operations (rapid deployment)
  • Sensor networks (forests, oceans, farms)
  • Vehicle-to-vehicle communication
  • Temporary events (concerts, construction sites)

241.6 Start Learning

Ready to begin? Start with the first chapter:

Begin with Core Concepts and Characteristics