Energy & Power

Battery Life, Measurement, Low-Power Design, Harvesting, and Optimisation

Module index for IoT energy and power design, with learning paths for battery budgets, measurement, context-aware policies, source selection, harvesting, and hardware/software optimisation.

Your guide: Battery Bruno

“Every milliamp is a day of battery — budget the sleep before you budget the features.”

Start With the Battery Promise

Every energy decision starts with a simple promise: this device must still be awake when someone needs it. Read the module as a route from that promise to evidence. First set the battery-life contract, then choose a source, measure the real current trace, decide what can sleep, and optimize only after the numbers show where the energy goes.

The start-simple move is to build one load ledger before touching hardware or firmware. Once the ledger is honest, the later chapters show how sources, harvesters, context signals, offloading, and fixed-point code change that ledger without hiding the tradeoff.

Start Here

This module teaches energy-aware IoT design from the source and load budget up through measurement, low-power policy, harvesting, and hardware/software optimisation. Use it when a device must run from a battery, harvested source, or tightly constrained power budget.

What This Module Covers

Energy and power work connects requirements to measured device behavior. A reliable design explains where energy comes from, where it goes, how much margin remains, and what evidence proves the device can survive the deployment.

The module contains 21 focused learning chapters after this index. Start with the fundamentals if you are sizing a battery or source. Jump to measurement when you need evidence. Use the optimisation chapters after you know which state, subsystem, or workload dominates.

Learning Paths

If you need to…

Start with

Then continue to

Understand the core vocabulary

Energy-Aware Design Basics

Power Consumption Analysis

Choose a battery or source

Energy Sources for IoT Devices

Energy-Aware Considerations

Find the real energy bottleneck

Energy Measurement and Profiling

Energy Cost of Common Operations

Reduce battery drain

Low-Power Design Strategies

Context-Aware Energy Management

Use ambient energy

Energy Harvesting Design

Interactive Tools

Optimise firmware or hardware

Hardware and Software Optimisation

Optimization Fundamentals

Chapter Lanes

Energy Fundamentals

• Energy-Aware Design Basics
• Energy Sources for IoT Devices
• Power Consumption Analysis
• Energy Cost of Common Operations

Low-Power Design

• Low-Power Design Strategies
• Energy Measurement and Profiling
• Energy Harvesting Design

Context-Aware Energy

• Context-Aware Energy Management
• Context-Aware Duty Cycling
• ACE and Shared Context Sensing
• Context-Aware Offloading
• Energy Optimization Assessment

Hardware and Software Optimisation

• Hardware and Software Optimisation
• Optimization Fundamentals
• Hardware Optimization Strategies
• Software Optimization Techniques
• Fixed-Point Arithmetic

Practice and Application

• Energy-Aware Case Studies
• Interactive Tools
• Hands-On Energy Lab
• Energy-Aware Considerations

Review Questions

Before leaving this module, you should be able to answer:

1. What is the measured average current for the complete duty cycle?
2. Which state or operation dominates energy per useful result?
3. What source, usable capacity, and reserve margin support the deployment?
4. Which evidence proves the device returns to its intended low-power state?
5. Which optimisation changes the measured bottleneck without breaking correctness?

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