IoTClass / Inside the measurement
Conceptual · not to scale

Inside a thermocouple

Peel from the case to the element. Follow the readout through this conceptual model.

Return to the thermocouple source discussion

The full text version below describes every layer. All measurement explanations are available without 3D.
Case: wire insulationRed and yellow insulation covers the two wires leading to the measuring tip.

Drag to rotate; pinch to zoom. With the view focused: arrow keys rotate, + / − zoom, 1–3 choose a layer, Home resets rotation and zoom. Step advances to the next layer; Reset returns to the case and default view. Layer buttons select a view directly. The page does not move on its own.

Layer 1 of 3 / Outside

Case: wire insulation

Red and yellow insulation covers the two wires leading to the measuring tip.

Teaching view: The insulated wires run toward a joined measuring tip. Peel away the insulation to follow the two conductors; the voltage between them depends on the measuring and reference temperatures.

The measurement to rememberThermocouple voltage tells you the temperature difference between the measuring tip and the reference connection. You also need the reference temperature to find the tip temperature. [MAX31855 datasheet · Detailed Description] [Phoebe’s Field Notes: The Thermocouple Reading That Needs a Second Number]

Full text version · every layer

1 · Case: wire insulation

Red and yellow insulation covers the two wires leading to the measuring tip.

Teaching view: The insulated wires run toward a joined measuring tip. Peel away the insulation to follow the two conductors; the voltage between them depends on the measuring and reference temperatures.

2 · Readout: voltage and reference temperature

The MAX31855 readout conditions the signal and compensates for the reference-junction temperature. [MAX31855 datasheet · Detailed Description]

The readout combines the thermocouple voltage with the reference temperature to calculate the measuring-tip temperature. [MAX31855 datasheet · Detailed Description] [Phoebe’s Field Notes: The Thermocouple Reading That Needs a Second Number]

Teaching view: The wire pair carries the thermocouple voltage to an external readout. The readout combines that voltage with the reference-junction temperature to calculate the measuring-tip temperature.

3 · Element: joined measuring tip

The two thermocouple conductors use different materials. [MAX31855 datasheet · Detailed Description] [Key Concepts]

The thermocouple voltage depends on the temperature difference between the measuring tip and the reference connection. [MAX31855 datasheet · Detailed Description] [Phoebe’s Field Notes: The Thermocouple Reading That Needs a Second Number]

Teaching view: The copper-colored and silver-colored conductors meet at the measuring tip. The two different materials produce a voltage related to the temperature difference between the measuring and reference junctions.

Explode separates the proposed layers; X-ray makes the case translucent. These are teaching views. No commercial sensor construction or wiring is specified.