Ada Audits the IMU Bandwidth Budget

Ada re-derives this chapter’s own numbers step by step, at full precision

foundations
math-foundations
calculation-audit
analytics-ml
beginner
Ada ADA · CALCULATION AUDIT

Ada Audits the IMU Bandwidth Budget

The chapter streams a 100 Hz IMU as 1,200 bytes/s — about 103.68 MB/day — against a LoRa ceiling of roughly 4.17 bytes/s, leaving the raw stream 288x over budget. Aggregating to nine summary values cuts it 67x, to 18 bytes/s. This audit works the IMU bandwidth budget to show that even a 67x cut is still 4.3x over the radio’s limit.

Companion to the chapter Edge Data Architecture — every number here comes from that chapter.

— raw rate, LoRa ceiling, and the aggregation ratio, ~4 minutes

A six-axis IMU is a firehose. The arithmetic decides whether a battery node can ever put that stream on a 1% duty-cycle radio, or whether it has to summarise first.

1. The raw rate is a product of four numbers.

raw = fsample × axes × bytes = 100 Hz × 6 × 2 B = 1200 B/s

Over a day that is 1200 × 86,400 = 103,680,000 B = 103.68 MB/day. (The chapter's "101 MB/day" rounds the rate to 1.17 KB/s; carried at full precision it is 103.68 MB/day.)

2. The radio has a hard ceiling.

A 1% duty cycle at SF7 clears about 250 bytes per minute, so 250 ÷ 60 = 4.17 B/s. The raw stream is 1200 ÷ 4.17 = 288× over that ceiling (the chapter's "285×" rounds the ceiling up to 4.2 B/s).

3. Aggregation trades detail for fit.

Nine summary values (RMS + peak per accelerometer axis, RMS per gyroscope axis) × 2 B, once per second = 18 B/s.

Quantity Arithmetic Result
Raw rate 100 × 6 × 2 1200 B/s
Raw per day 1200 × 86,400 103.68 MB/day
LoRa ceiling 250 ÷ 60 4.17 B/s
Raw over budget 1200 ÷ 4.17 288×
Aggregated rate 9 × 2 ÷ 1 s 18 B/s
Reduction 1200 ÷ 18 66.7× ≈ 67×
Aggregated per day 18 × 86,400 1.56 MB/day
Aggregated vs ceiling 18 ÷ 4.17 4.3× (still over)

What the audit buys you: even after a 67× cut the one-second summary at 18 B/s is still 4.3× over the 4.17 B/s ceiling — the numbers say a one-second window is not enough, so the aggregation window must stretch (or the value count shrink) before this node is legal on the radio.

Every number above is taken from the chapter’s own examples and re-derived step by step.